Our Research
EcoTwin is an innovative research project focused on transforming how we manage and protect lake ecosystems.
We develop and apply Digital Twins - virtual, real-time replicas of physical water systems - to integrate ecosystem services more effectively into water resource management.
These services include:
- flood and drought regulation
- habitat provision
- recreation
- drinking water supply
- nutrient and carbon cycling.


From Vision to Reality: Our Method
Our goal is to improve the resilience and sustainability of lakes in the face of climate change and increasing human pressures.
To achieve our goal, EcoTwin brings together advanced modelling, Earth observation data, and stakeholder input into a flexible Digital Twin framework. This allows us to simulate how lakes respond to environmental changes and management decisions, providing powerful tools for short-term forecasting and long-term scenario planning.
Practical Solutions Through Collaborative Partnership
We work closely with decision-makers, scientists, and local communities to co-design solutions that are practical, inclusive, and forward-looking - ensuring that lakes continue to deliver vital benefits for people and nature alike.
Digital Twin Framework
The framework combines Earth Observational data, in situ measurement and numerical models to monitor and forecast ecosystem services provisioning in lakes. This framework is designed to identify potential risks in ecosystem services provisioning in lakes and provide suitable guidance for suitable mitigation measures. The project focuses on four lakes in Europe:
- Lake Iseo (Italy)
- Lake Mälaren (Sweden)
- Lake Balaton (Hungry)
- Lake Wylerberg (The Netherlands).
OUR RESEARCHERS
This project brings together expert researchers from universities and institutions. Below we outline their expertise and role in the project.
Ïã½¶ÊÓÆµAPP (Wales)
Experts in Satellite Earth Observation, numerical modelling, and climate change impacts on aquatic systems, with a strong background in physical limnology. Serving as the EcoTwin consortium coordinator, they lead the development of the project’s data architecture, ensuring seamless integration of diverse data sources to support Digital Twin simulations and decision-making tools.
A Reader in Climatology and Limnology whose research focuses on climate change impact assessments. His research integrates a variety of approaches — including Earth observation, process-based modelling, and artificial intelligence — to investigate how climate change influences the physical and eco-environmental characteristics of lakes.
A Postdoctoral Researcher in Environmental Fluid Mechanics whose research focuses on hydrodynamics in natural water bodies, including rivers, lakes and oceans. His research integrates numerical modelling, laboratory experiments, and field measurements to investigate multi-scale geophysical processes and their environmental impacts.
Experts in lake and watershed hydrological modeling, with a strong focus on physical limnology, flood dynamics in mountain regions, and climate change impacts on water quality. The group contributes over 15 years of experience in lake monitoring, in-situ technology development, and high-frequency data management. Their role in EcoTwin includes modeling lake hydrodynamics and assessing environmental stressors.
Giulia Valerio, Ph.D. in Hydraulic Engineering (Politecnico of Milan) is associate Professor of hydraulics at Università degli Studi di Brescia. Her main research interest is the combination of field data and numerical modelling techniques to describe the physical processes occurring in lakes and studying their impacts on water quality.
Marco Pilotti, Ph.D. in Hydraulic Engineering (Politecnico of Milan) is full Professor of hydraulics at Università degli Studi di Brescia. His most important scientific contributions have been in the field of sediment transport and soil erosion, in the modelling of flow within porous media at the microscale and in the field of hydraulic dam safety and of Shallow Water Equations
Specialist in community and ecosystem ecology of freshwater systems, with a focus on the interactions between aquatic environments and their catchments. Her research explores the impacts of nutrient loading, climate change, and other human-induced pressures on lakes and wetlands. At EcoTwin, DCU leads the work package on community co-development, co-lead the project management, and contributes to the integration of ecosystem services within the Digital Twin framework.
Dr Valerie McCarthy: An Assistant Professor in Ecology and Biodiversity. Her research interests are concerned with theoretical community and ecosystem ecology and nutrient dynamics in freshwater systems with a particular focus on ecological stoichiometry. She is interested in investigating the linkages between aquatic systems and their catchments and how they respond to perturbations arising both directly and indirectly from human induced impacts such as nutrient loading and climate change.
An Assistant Professor in Environmental Systems in School of History and Geography. His research interests focuses on understanding the challenges faced and opportunities available to water users, particularly in developing regions of the world. He is interested in understanding the intersections between development (urban and rural) and natural capital and exploring how natural capital and nature-based solutions can improve the lives of stakeholders while enhancing resilience to environmental and societal change.
Alkamazott VÃztudományi Intézet (Hungary)
With extensive local knowledge of Lake Balaton, AVI brings expertise from past hydrology, hydrodynamics, and water quality research in the region. In addition, the organization has valuable experience from integrated projects involving social sciences. AVI will gather data and run hydrological, hydrodynamic, and water quality models for Lake Balaton, while also contributing to project-wide tasks.
Mark Honti Ph.D. is a senior researcher in AVI and a member of the HUN-REN–BME Water Research Group. His research focus is hydrological and water quality modelling and the forecasting of climate change impacts. He has been developing and operating on-line hydrometeorological and water quality monitoring devices in Lake Balaton for more than 20 years.
Péter Torma Ph.D. is an associate professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. He studies shallow lakes’ physical processes and hydrometeorology based on measurements and numerical modeling with a special focus on mixing and air-water exchange processes.
Gabriella Lükő Ph.D is an assistant lecturer at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Her research focuses on lakes’ energy balance, turbulent fluxes, and evaporation, including ice cover. Furthermore, she studies wind-driven lake hydrodynamics, integrating observation and modeling.
Bence Fülöp M.Sc. an environmental system engineer, the founder of AVI, who specialises in the interdisciplinary field of linking scientific research with decision-making processes, especially related to adaptation measures to climate change . He is also a founding member of ‘szabadonbalaton’, a grassroots organisation that combines art, science and activism.
Experts in modeling and monitoring watershed and lake processes, with a focus on the effects of climate change on lake ecosystems. Uppsala University has contributed to pioneering studies on climate change impacts on European lakes through projects like EU REFLECT and CLIME and currently coordinates the ISIMIP Lake Sector, which evaluates global lake conditions. The team also leads the Water4All project MEWS, focusing on hydroclimatic extremes and their impact on water supplies. For EcoTwin, Uppsala will develop models to assess ecosystem services related to drinking water and recreation, applying them to Lake Mälaren in Sweden. The digital twin of Mälaren will enhance the MEWS findings by providing more detailed and frequent simulations for stakeholders.
Ana I. Ayala, who holds a joint Ph.D. in Limnology and Environmental Sciences (Uppsala University & University of Geneva), is a researcher at Uppsala University. Her main research focuses on process-based modelling of physical and biogeochemical processes in lakes, with a focus on the impacts of climate change.
Senior Research Scientist at Uppsala University’s Erken Laboratory, focusing on automated lake monitoring and climate-responsive lake management. Formerly led water quality modeling for New York City's reservoirs. Currently involved in international projects on climate change impacts on lakes, including ISIMIP, MEWS, and InventWater.
Experts in modeling and monitoring of Lake ecosystem functions and service provisioning with a strong background in co-creation and co-design with stakeholders. As one of the largest institutes within the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences (KNAW), excels in ecological research spanning individual organisms to entire ecosystems, with a focus on biodiversity, climate change, and the sustainable use of land and water. NIOO leads the transnational science unit AKWA, focusing on translational ecology, where ecologists, stakeholders, and decision-makers collaborate on environmental challenges. With a strong background in ecosystem services, NIOO will lead the Integration of Ecosystem Services within the EcoTwin project.
Prof. Dr. Lisette N. de Senerpont Domis: Prof. Dr. Lisette N. de Senerpont Domis is interested in how different components of human-induced global changes, such as climate warming, eutrophication, and micropollutants affect aquatic ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services provisioning of lakes. In addition to leading the AKWA research group at the NIOO-KNAW, she is a full professor in Smart Ecological Monitoring of Aquatic Systems.
A Postdoctoral Researcher in Ecosystem Ecology whose research focuses on ecosystem service quantification and integration in managed landscapes. Her work combines biogeochemistry, microbial ecology, and ecological modeling to link ecosystem state indicators with ecosystem service provisioning, supporting the development of digital tools for stakeholder-informed environmental management.
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If you have any questions about this project, please get in touch with Dr Haoran Shi or Dr Iestyn Woolway.
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